. Author Awards (1981) (1990) (1997) (2009) (2013) Notable work(s), Signature Website Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam ( ( ); 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian politician and aerospace scientist who served as the from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in, and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the (DRDO) and (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of and technology.
He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the in 1974. Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling and the then-opposition. Widely referred to as the 'People's President', he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the, India's highest civilian honour. While delivering a lecture at the, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83. Thousands including national-level dignitaries attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameshwaram, where he was buried with. Contents.
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Early life and education Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 to a family in the pilgrimage centre of on, then in the and now in the of Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabdeen was a boat owner and of a local mosque; his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His father owned a ferry that took pilgrims back and forth between and the now uninhabited.
Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. His ancestors had been wealthy traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. Their business had involved trading groceries between the mainland and the island and to and from, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. As a result, the family acquired the title of 'Mara Kalam Iyakkivar' (wooden boat steerers), which over the years became shortened to 'Marakier.' With the opening of the to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family fortune and properties were lost over time, apart from the ancestral home. By his early childhood, Kalam's family had become poor; at an early age, he sold newspapers to supplement his family's income.
In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, especially mathematics. After completing his education at the Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend, then affiliated with the, from where he graduated in in 1954. He moved to in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in.
While Kalam was working on a senior class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with his lack of progress and threatened to revoke his scholarship unless the project was finished within the next three days. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later said to him, 'I was putting you under stress and asking you to meet a difficult deadline'. He narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming a fighter pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in the. Career as a scientist.
This was my first stage, in which I learnt leadership from three great teachers—Dr, Prof and Dr. This was the time of learning and acquisition of knowledge for me.
A P J Abdul Kalam After graduating from the in 1960, Kalam joined the of the (by Press Information Bureau, Government of India) as a scientist after becoming a member of the (DRDS). He started his career by designing a small, but remained unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO.
Kalam was also part of the working under, the renowned space scientist. In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the (ISRO) where he was the project director of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (-III) which successfully deployed the satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started work on an expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in 1965. In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and expanded the programme to include more engineers. Kalam addresses engineering students at In 1963 to 1964, he visited 's in; in;. Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop the (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful. Kalam was invited by to witness the country's first nuclear test as the representative of, even though he had not participated in its development. In the 1970s, Kalam also directed two projects, and, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of the successful SLV programme.
Despite the disapproval of the, Prime Minister allotted secret funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship. Kalam played an integral role convincing the Union Cabinet to conceal the true nature of these classified aerospace projects. His research and educational leadership brought him great laurels and prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to initiate an advanced missile programme under his directorship. Kalam and, metallurgist and scientific adviser to the Defence Minister, worked on the suggestion by the then Defence Minister, on a proposal for simultaneous development of a quiver of missiles instead of taking planned missiles one after another. R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting the cabinet approval for allocating ₹388 crores for the mission, named (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as the chief executive.
Kalam played a major part in developing many missiles under the mission including, an intermediate range ballistic missile and, the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects have been criticised for mismanagement and cost and time overruns. Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and of the from July 1992 to December 1999.
The nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive political and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Coordinator, along with, during the testing phase. Media coverage of Kalam during this period made him the country's best known nuclear scientist. However, the director of the site test, K Santhanam, said that the had been a ' and criticisied Kalam for issuing an incorrect report. Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims. In 1998, along with cardiologist, Kalam developed a low cost, named the 'Kalam-Raju Stent'.
In 2012, the duo designed a rugged tablet computer for health care in rural areas, which was named the 'Kalam-Raju Tablet'. Presidency Kalam served as the 11th President of India, succeeding. He won the with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won.
His term lasted from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007. On 10 June 2002, the (NDA) which was in power at the time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for the post of President, and both the and the backed his candidacy.
After the Samajwadi Party announced its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek a second term in office, leaving the field clear. Kalam said of the announcement of his candidature: I am really overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in other media, I have been asked for a message. I was thinking what message I can give to the people of the country at this juncture. On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers in the, accompanied by Vajpayee and his senior Cabinet colleagues. Kalam along with and during his presidency The polling for the presidential election began on 15 July 2002 in Parliament and the state assemblies, with the media claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the count was held on 18 July. Kalam became the 11th president of the Republic of India in an easy victory, and moved into the after he was sworn in on 25 July.
Kalam was the third President of India to have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, before becoming the President. (1954) and (1963) were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India. He was also the first scientist and the first bachelor to occupy. During his term as president, he was affectionately known as the People's President, saying that signing the was the toughest decision he had taken during his tenure.
Kalam was criticised for his inaction in deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him during his tenure. Article 72 of the empowers the President of India to grant pardons, and suspend or commute the death sentence of convicts on death row.
Kalam acted on only one mercy plea in his five-year tenure as president, rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged. Perhaps the most notable plea was from, a terrorist who was convicted of conspiracy in the and was sentenced to death by the in 2004. While the sentence was scheduled to be carried out on 20 October 2006, the pending action on his mercy plea resulted in him remaining on death row. He also took the controversial decision to impose President's Rule in Bihar in 2005. In September 2003, in an interactive session in, Kalam supported the need of in India, keeping in view the population of the country.
At the end of his term, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness to consider a second term in office provided there was certainty about his victory in the. However, two days later, he decided not to contest the Presidential election again stating that he wanted to avoid involving from any political processes. He did not have the support of the left parties, and, to receive a renewed mandate. Nearing the expiry of the term of the 12th President on 24 July 2012, media reports in April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated for his second term. After the reports, witnessed a number of people supporting his candidature. The BJP potentially backed his nomination, saying that the party would lend their support if the, Samajwadi Party and Indian National Congress proposed him for the.
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A month ahead of the election, and also expressed their support for Kalam. Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the solitary supporter. On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 presidential poll.
He said of his decision not to do so: Many, many citizens have also expressed the same wish. It only reflects their love and affection for me and the aspiration of the people. I am really overwhelmed by this support. This being their wish, I respect it.
I want to thank them for the trust they have in me. Post-presidency After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor at the, the, and the; an honorary fellow of; of the; professor of Aerospace Engineering at; and an adjunct at many other academic and research institutions across India. He taught information technology at the, and technology at and Anna University. In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme for the youth of India called the What Can I Give Movement, with a central theme of defeating corruption. In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups over his stand on the; he supported the establishment of the nuclear power plant and was accused of not speaking with the local people. The protesters were hostile to his visit as they saw him as a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances he provided regarding the safety features of the plant.
Kalam at a week before his death On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to to deliver a lecture on 'Creating a Livable Planet Earth' at the. While climbing a flight of stairs, he experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the auditorium after a brief rest.
At around 6:35 p.m., only five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed. He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked a pulse or any other signs of life. Despite being placed in the, Kalam was confirmed dead of a sudden at 7:45 p.m. His last words, to his aide, were reportedly: 'Funny guy!
Are you doing well?' Following his death, Kalam's body was airlifted in an helicopter from Shillong to Guwahati, from where it was flown to New Delhi on the morning of 28 July in an air force C-130J Hercules. The flight landed at Palam Air Base that afternoon and was received by the President, the Vice President, the Prime Minister, Chief Minister of Delhi, and the three service chiefs of the, who laid wreaths on Kalam's body. His body was then placed on a gun carriage draped with the Indian flag and taken to his Delhi residence at 10 Rajaji Marg; there, the public and numerous dignitaries paid homage, including former prime minister, Congress President and Vice-President, and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister.
On the morning of 29 July, Kalam's body, wrapped in the Indian flag, was taken to Palam Air Base and flown to in an air force C-130J aircraft, arriving at that afternoon. His body was received at the airport by the three service chiefs and national and state dignitaries, including cabinet ministers, and the governors of Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya,. After a brief ceremony, Kalam's body was flown by air force helicopter to the town of, from where it was taken in an army truck to his hometown of Rameswaram. Upon arriving at Rameswaram, his body was displayed in an open area in front of the local bus station to allow the public to pay their final respects until 8 p.m. That evening. On 30 July 2015, the former president was laid to rest at 's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state honours. Over 350,000 people attended the last rites, including the Prime Minister, the governor of Tamil Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.
Reactions India reacted to Kalam's death with an outpouring of grief; numerous tributes were paid to the former president across the nation and on social media. The Government of India declared a seven-day period as a mark of respect. President, Vice-President, Home Minister, and other leaders condoled the former President's demise. Prime Minister said 'Kalam's death is a great loss to the scientific community.
He took India to great heights. He showed the way.' Former Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, who had served as prime minister under Kalam, said, 'our country has lost a great human being who made phenomenal contributions to the promotion of self reliance in defence technologies. I worked very closely with Dr. Kalam as prime minister and I greatly benefited from his advice as president of our country. His life and work will be remembered for generations to come.' Chairman called his former colleague 'a great personality and a gentleman', while former chairman described Kalam as 'a global leader' for whom 'the downtrodden and poor people were his priority.
He always had a passion to convey what is in his mind to the young generation', adding that his death left a vacuum which none could fill. Leaders expressed condolences and lauded the late statesman. The Bhutanese government ordered the country's flags to fly at half-staff to mourn Kalam's death, and lit 1000 butter lamps in homage. Bhutanese Prime Minister expressed deep sadness, saying Kalam 'was a leader greatly admired by all people, especially the youth of India who have referred to him as the people's President'. Prime Minister described Kalam as 'a rare combination of a great statesman, acclaimed scientist, and a source of inspiration to the young generation of South Asia' and termed his death an 'irreparable loss to India and beyond'.
Chief said 'as a nuclear scientist, he engaged himself in the welfare of the people'., the, called Kalam 'an inspirational figure to millions of people,' noting that 'we have a lot to learn from his life'. Nepalese Prime Minister recalled Kalam's scientific contributions to India: 'Nepal has lost a good friend and I have lost an honoured and ideal personality.'
The, and also expressed their grief and condolences on his death. The, also expressed his condolences.
Kalam was a man of firm conviction and indomitable spirit, and I saw him as an outstanding statesman of the world. His death is an irreparable loss not only to India but to the entire world.' Maldivian President and Vice-President Ahmed Adheeb condoled Kalam's death, with Yameen naming him as a close friend of the Maldives who would continue to be an inspiration to Indians and generations of South Asians. Former president, who had made an official visit to India during Kalam's presidency, termed his demise as a great loss to all of humankind.
The Commander-in-Chief of the, Senior General, expressed condolences on behalf of the Myanmar government. The expressed his sadness and offered condolences and prayers, calling Kalam's death 'an irreparable loss'., the, which Kalam had visited on numerous occasions, expressed 'deepest condolences. As a respected scientist, he played a critical role in the development of the Indian space programme.
As a committed educator, he inspired millions of young people to achieve their very best. And as a devoted leader, he gained support both at home and abroad, becoming known as 'the people's President'. I join our Indo–Canadian families, friends, and neighbours in mourning the passing of this respected leader.' United States President extended 'deepest condolences to the people of India on the passing of former Indian President Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam', and highlighted his achievements as a scientist and as a statesman, notably his role in strengthening and increasing space co-operation between the two nations. 'Suitably named 'the People's President', Dr. Kalam's humility and dedication to public service served as an inspiration to millions of Indians and admirers around the world.' Russian President expressed sincere condolences and conveyed his sympathy and support 'to the near and dear ones of the deceased leader, to the government, and entire people of India'. He remarked on Kalam's outstanding 'personal contribution to the social, economic, scientific, and technical progress of India and in ensuring its national security,' adding that Kalam would be remembered as a 'consistent exponent of closer friendly relations between our nations, who has done a lot for cementing mutually beneficial Russian–Indian cooperation.' Other international leaders—including former Indonesian president, Malaysian Prime Minister, Singaporean Prime Minister, President of the, and Vice-President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and of —also paid tribute to Kalam.
In a special gesture, visited the and signed a condolence book. 'The outpouring of grief around the world is a testament of the respect and inspiration he has garnered during and after his presidency.
The UN joins the people of India in sending our deepest condolences for this great statesman. May he rest in peace and eternity', Ban wrote in his message.
Memorial The Dr. Abdul Kalam National Memorial was built in memory of Kalam by the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in the island town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.
It was inaugurated Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July 2017. On display are the replicas of rockets and missiles with which Kalam had worked with.
Acrylic paintings about his life are also displayed along with hundreds of portraits depicting the life of the mass leader. There is a statue of Kalam in the entrance showing him playing the. There are two other smaller statues of the leader in sitting and standing posture. Personal life Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (born 4 November 1916), Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammed (d. He was extremely close to his elder siblings and their extended families throughout his life, and would regularly send small sums of money to his older relations, himself remaining a lifelong bachelor.
Kalam was noted for his integrity and his simple lifestyle. He never owned a television, and was in the habit of rising at 6:30 or 7 a.m and sleeping by 2 a.m.
His few personal possessions included his books, his, some articles of clothing, a CD player and a laptop; at his death, he left no will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him. In the 2011 Hindi film, Kalam is portrayed as a positive influence on a poor but bright boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour of his idol. Religious and spiritual views Religion and spirituality were very important to Kalam throughout his life. In fact, he made his own spiritual journey the subject of his final book,. Islam A proud and practising, daily and fasting during were integral to Kalam's life. His father, the of a in his hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly instilled these Islamic customs in his children. His father had also impressed upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith respect and dialogue.
As Kalam recalled: 'Every evening, my father A.P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, and a church priest used to sit with hot tea and discuss the issues concerning the island.' Such early exposure convinced Kalam that the answers to India's multitudinous issues lay in 'dialogue and cooperation' among the country's religious, social, and political leaders. Moreover, since Kalam believed that 'respect for other faiths' was one of the key cornerstones of, he was fond of saying: 'For great men, religion is a way of making friends; small people make religion a fighting tool.'
Syncretism One component of Kalam's widespread popularity among diverse groups in India, and an enduring aspect of his legacy, is the he embodied in appreciating various elements of the many spiritual and cultural traditions of India. In addition to his faith in the and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed in Hindu traditions; he learnt, read the and he was a vegetarian.
Kalam also enjoyed writing poetry, playing the (a South Indian string instrument), and listening to every day. In 2002, in one of his early speeches to Parliament after becoming President, he reiterated his desire for a more united India, stating that 'during the last one year I met a number of spiritual leaders of all religions.
and I would like to endeavour to work for bringing about unity of minds among the divergent traditions of our country'. Describing Kalam as a unifier of diverse traditions, leader stated, 'Kalam was a complete Indian, an embodiment of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity'. Leader concurred that Kalam was 'the best exemplar of the Idea of India, one who embodied the best of all the cultural and spiritual traditions that signify India's unity in immense diversity. This was most strikingly evident in the second-to-last book he published, presciently titled '. Pramukh Swami as Guru Kalam's desire to meet spiritual leaders to help create a more prosperous, spiritual, and unified India was what initially led him to meet, the Hindu guru of the, who Kalam would come to consider his ultimate spiritual teacher and guru.
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The first of eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June 2001 in New Delhi, during which Kalam described being immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity. Kalam stated that he was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions. One such incident occurred the day following the ' complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and sprinkled holy water upon, the sites of all of the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all human life is sacred. Kalam recalled being moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity and compassion, citing this incident as one of his motivations for writing. Summarising the effect that Pramukh Swami had on him, Kalam stated that 'Pramukh Swami has indeed transformed me.
He is the ultimate stage of the spiritual ascent in my life. Pramukh Swamiji has put me in a God-synchronous orbit. No manoeuvres are required any more, as I am placed in my final position in eternity.'
Following Kalam's death a month after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed to this passage as potentially prophetic and premonitory of Kalam's death.
PRESENTATION ON LEADERSHIP SUBMITED BY:- MAKANI RINKLE K. What is leader and leadership? Leader:The person who responsible for the guide,direct and motivate of the employees. Leadership:The ability to influence a group towards the achievement of goals.
Biography of APJ Abdul Kalam “Mission Man of India” Bharat Ratna Dr.Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam born Octomber 15 1931, Tamilnadu,India. He was 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He worked as a engineer with DRDO & ISRO.
He gets award Bharat Ratna in 1997. LEADERSHIP QUALITIES Empathy:He always understand others feelings. Also encourage to others. Honesty:Very well for his honesty.
He didn’t encourage any wrong activity. He performed his duty with heartily and honesty. Cont Leadership Qualities Motivator:He is a good motivator.
With examples and speeches he motivates many people. Fair Minded:Abdul Kalam justice and see everyone equally. He is a fair to every one.
Never Ending Success:He doesn’t give up anything which he fails, he repeat that act until he gets success. He concentrate only to success with doing hard work. Comparison With Trait Theory Meaning of Trait Theory:Theories that consider personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non leaders. It gives detail knowledge and understanding of the leader element in the leadership process. Con’t Trait theory is describes individual qualities while Abdul Kalam’s leadership denotes how to motivate people. Trait theory is describes whole characteristics and Abdul Kalam’s leadership directs what is right & what is wrong?
Charismatic leader Meaning:– It means followers make attributions of extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors. Kalam also having a personal risk person. He was also having sensitivity to feel other problems and needs, and try to solve them.
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